在线学习心流主要影响因素的元分析

王 静¹ 叶 亮² 李永婷³ 叶晓玲⁴

（1.南京市旭日景城小学，江苏 南京 210003；2.阿拉善职业技术学院，内蒙古 阿拉善 750306；3.昆山市蓬朗高级中学，江苏 苏州 215316；4.南京师范大学 青少年教育与智能支持实验室，江苏 南京 210097）

【摘 要】在线学习心流对提升学习效果有重要作用，厘清影响在线学习心流发生的因素有助于设计和优化在线学习，但目前的相关研究在结果和结论上存在较大的差异。通过对31篇实证研究文献进行元分析，整合分析出自我因素、关系因素、技术因素、情境因素以及外部支持五种类型12个影响在线学习心流发生的主要因素。其中，外部支持与在线学习心流呈强正相关，传统心流研究强调的挑战和技能与在线学习心流呈弱正相关，而远程在场感、感知有用性、感知易用性、专注、社会临场感、交互性、明确的目标、自我效能感和控制感9个因素与在线学习心流呈中度正相关。性别、样本量以及社会环境调节部分因素与在线学习心流之间存在相关关系。

【关键词】在线学习心流；元分析；影响因素

A Meta-Analysis of Key Influencing Factors of Flow in Online Learning

WANG Jing¹, YE Liang², LI Yongting³ and YE Xiaoling⁴

(1. Nanjing Xuri Jingcheng Primary School, Nanjing 210003, China; 2. Alxa Vocational and Technical College, Alxa 750306, China;3.Kunshan Penglang Senior High School, Suzhou 215316, China; 4. Youth Education and Intelligent Support Laboratory, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China)

Abstract: Flow in online learning plays an important role in enhancing learning effectiveness. Elucidating the factors influencing the occurrence of flow in online learning helps in designing and optimizing online learning experience. However, existing related studies show significant discrepancies in their results and conclusions. Through a meta-analysis of 31 empirical studies, this article identified and integrated 12 main factors influencing the occurrence of flow in online learning, categorized into five types: self-factors, relational factors, technological factors, situational factors and externa support. Among these, external support showed a strong positive correlation with flow in online learning. Challenge and skills, emphasized in traditional flow research, demonstrated a weak positive correlation with flow in online learning. Nine factors-telepresence, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, concentration, social presence, interactivity, clear goals, self-efficacy, and sense of control-showed a moderate positive correlation with flow in online learning. Gender, sample size, and social environment moderate the correlations between some of these factors and flow in online learning.

Keywords: flow in online learning; meta-analysis; influencing factors

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