[日]牧野笃
（大正大学 地域创生学部，日本 东京 170-8470）
【摘 要】由于人口减少与寿命延长的叠加，老龄化与少子化加速发展，日本社会舆论长期聚焦老龄社会悲观论调且一度弥漫社会各界。但近年来，这种悲观的氛围似乎有所消解。一方面，日本社会已经迎来了百岁人生的时代。同时，老龄社会并非仅指老年人社会，而是老年人与儿童、中壮年人群共同生活的社会。若我们转换观察社会的视角，所必须面对的问题将不仅仅是“如何应对老年人问题”，还包括“如何构建一个能够稳健传承给下一代的社会机制”，以及“如何通过老年人的参与，共同塑造新的社会”。
本文旨在回应上述社会变化，以“如何塑造一个充满希望的未来社会”为出发点，并尝试描绘其可能性的一端。即，通过所有人的社会参与，克服超老龄社会悲观论，创造充满活力的百岁人生社会。具体而言，是通过创造众多“小社会”，构建以人为主体的社会。人类天生具备一种关心下一代的本能品质。通过发挥这种品质，人们能够以自身成为下一代的“家乡”。由此，老年性超越便得以实现，人们能够安详地迎接人生的最后时刻。“社会”，本身即人与人之间的联结方式，而这种联结生成与重组的过程，正是人之所以存在的根基——即“生活”。而不断生成、重组、拓展这一联接的实践，本质上就是“学习”。这三者所融合的场所就是笔者所说的“小社会”，构建小社会的实践正在日本各地静静展开，悄然发酵。这正是我们所面对的“百岁人生社会”所呈现出的全新社会形态。
【关键词】百岁人生社会；“小社会”；学习；幸福；世代传承性；老年性超越；AAR连锁运动；“家乡”
Towards a Society of 100-Year Lives：Reflecting on the Pessimistic View of the Aging Society and Exploring the Practice of “Micro-Society” in Japan
MAKINO Atsushi
(Faculty of Regional Development, Taisho University, Tokyo170-8470, Japan)
Abstract: For a long time, Japanese society has been shrouded in the shadow of a“pessimistic view of the super-aging society”. However, in recent years, this pessimistic atmosphere appears to have somewhat dissipated. Due to the combined effects of population decline and increasing life expectancies, the acceleration of aging and declining birthrates has long been the focus of public discourse, and a pessimistic narrative about the aging society once permeated all sectors of society.
On the other hand, Japanese society has entered the era of the 100-year life. Moreover, an aging society does not refer solely to a society of elderly people; it is a society where the elderly, children, middle-aged and young adults coexist. If we shift our perspective on society, this issue we are confronting extend beyond merely “how to address the problem of the elderly”to include“how to build a social mechanism that can be steadily passed on to the next generation”and“how to collectively shape a new society through the participation of the elderly”. This article aims to respond the aforementioned social changes by starting from the question of“how to shape a future society filled with hope” and attempts to outline one possible approach. Specifically, this involves creating a vibrant society of 100-year lives by enabling everyone to participate in society and overcoming the pessimistic view of the super-aging society. More concretely, this is achieved by creating numerous“micro-societies”to build a human-centered society. Human possess an innate quality of caring for the next generation, known as generativity. By exercising this quality, people can become a“hometown”for the next generation. Herein, the transcendence of aging is realized, allowing people to serenely meet their final moments. This “hometown” is precisely the“micro-society.”“Society”itself is the way people connect with one another, and the process of forming and reorganizing these connections is the very foundation of human existence—namely, “living.”The practice of continuously generating, reorganizing, and expanding these connections is, in essence, “learning”. The place where these three elements-living, connecting and learning-merge is what the author terms the“micro- society”. This practice of building such societies is quietly expanding and fermenting across various regions in Japan. This is precisely the form of society emerging from the “society of 100-year lives”we are facing.
Keywords: a society of 100-year lives; “micro-society”; learning; well-being; generativity; transcendence; AAR chain reaction; “hometown”
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迈向百岁人生社会.pdf
