中小学校党组织领导的校长负责制实践类型及其影响因素研究

朱志勇¹   马雅楠¹  许心怡²

（1.北京师范大学 教育管理学院，北京 100875；2.上海市青浦区教育学院，上海 201799）

【摘  要】本文通过个案研究探究了党组织领导的校长负责制的实践类型及形成不同实践类型的影响因素。聚焦中观组织和微观互动两个层面分析中小学党组织领导的校长负责制的实践类型，将其分为合作型、主导型和冲突型，并从组织背景和党组织书记与校长的互动两方面阐述了不同实践类型形成的影响因素与实践特征：合作型学校书记与校长权威相近，能够形成规范性与灵活性兼具的议事决策机制，基本实现了党政合一的组织结构和融洽互助的书记校长职责定位；主导型学校校长权威强，两会的议题区隔较为模糊，呈现出扁平化的组织结构和网状议事机制，书记和校长存在主导性与辅助性的不同职责定位；冲突型学校的书记与校长存在冲突，导致议事低效，并呈现出一种冲突的职权关系。

【关键词】党组织领导的校长负责制；中小学领导体制；栖居制度主义

Practical Typology and Influencing Factors of the Principal Accountability System under Party Committee Leadership in Primary and Secondary Schools

ZHU Zhiyong¹, MA Yanan¹ and XU Xinyi²

( 1. College of Educational Administration, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; 2. Qingpu Institute of Education of Shanghai, Shanghai 201799, China )

Abstract: This article investigates the practical typology of the principal accountability system under Party committee leadership and the factor influencing different practice types in primary and secondary schools through a case study. Focusing meso- organizational and micro-interactional levels, it analyzes the practical manifestations of this system in primary and secondary schools, categorizing them into collaborative, dominant, and conflictual types. This article elucidates influencing factors and operational characteristics from two perspectives: organizational context and interrelations between Party secretaries and principals. In collaborative type schools, Party secretaries and principals share comparable authority, establishing standardized yet flexible decision-making mechanisms. This achieves an integrated Party-administrative organizational structures with harmonious, mutually supportive role definitions. In dominant type schools, principals exercise stronger authority, resulting in blurred boundaries in Party committee and administrative meeting agendas. This manifests as a flattened organizational structure with networked decision-making mechanisms, featuring complementary principal-led and secretary-supported role orientations. In conflictual type schools, contentious relationships between secretaries and principals cause inefficient deliberation processes, reflecting antagonistic authority dynamics.

Keywords: principal accountability system under Party committee leadership; leadership structures in primary and secondary schools;inhabited institutionalism

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