牧野笃
（东京大学 教育学院，日本 东京 113-0033）
【摘 要】众所周知，到目前为止，日本社会已成为高龄化率最高、高龄化速度最快的社会，其主要原因是急剧的少子化和长寿化。这两种原因相互作用，造成人口急速减少，从而导致日本人民对超高龄社会悲观的情绪。但是，少子高龄化和人口减少这种人口结构的变化，是日本社会发展为儿童死亡率极低且任何人都能够享受长寿的这一理想社会的一个侧面，也是建设这种社会的一种结果。统计数字表明，当今日本人的平均寿命为84岁，而90岁死亡的人数最多，可以说，日本已经开始迎接百年人生的时代了。因此，我们必须将对高龄社会的观念从超高龄社会悲观论转换为百年人生希望论，并将这理想的社会传承给下一代。为此，我们有必要重新创造符合这种社会的新的“学习”概念。以往的学习概念主要是单一的、单方向的知识传递式的概念，以人口扩大的市场社会为前提，将人的存在视为劳动力和购买力这种推动社会发展的手段。但是，今后的社会所需要的不是规模的扩大，而是价值的多样化，在这一社会里的“学习”应该是所有的人生动地活到百岁，不断地变革自己状态的概念。高龄者本身也被要求经过“学习”成为创造自己变化不息的动态存在。这种新的“学习”的场所就是以面对面的关系为基础的“小型社会”。百年人生社会意味着人们继续学习的社会，“学习”就是人们通过一生，与他人共同牵手，作为社会的主人翁继续创造自己的全体过程，其模式为AAR开放式循环运动。
【关键词】学习；百年人生社会；小型社会；PDCA循环；AAR循环运动；社会参与；主观幸福感；终身学习
The Advent of 100-year Life Society and the Innovation of the Concept of “Learning” in Japan
MAKINO Atsushi
(Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan)
Abstract：As is well known, Japanese society currently has the highest rate of aging (i.e., the ratio of people over 65 years of age to the total population) and the fastest rate of aging (i.e., the rate of transformation from an aging society to an aged society) in the world. The main reasons for this are the rapidly declining birthrate and increasing the average life expectancy. The rapid decline in population that these two reasons have caused has led to the spread of pessimism about a super-aged society. However, the change in the demographic structure of a declining birthrate and an aging population is mainly due to the fact that the development of Japanese society into an ideal society where child mortality is extremely low and anyone can enjoy a long life, and a result of building such a society. Nowadays, the average life expectancy of Japanese people is 84 years old, and the most frequent age of death is over 90 years old, as we are entering an era of 100-year life society. We are expected to change our views from pessimism about a super-aged society to hope for a society with 100-year life span, live better in this society, and pass this society on to the next generation. The key to welcome new society is to create a new concept of“learning”. In the past, the concept of learning was based on the premise of a market society with an expanding population,
where people’s existence was seen as a tool for social development, as a source of labor and purchasing power, and as a form
of knowledge transmission. However, what is needed in the future society is not the expansion of scale but the diversification of values, and the “learning” in such a society should be a dynamic concept in which all people live vividly until 100 years old and change themselves.For the older people, too, it is necessary to constantly create a new existence for themselves through “learning”.The 100-year life society means the society where people continue to learn, and “learning” is the process where people continue to create themselves as the masters of the society through their lifetime, holding hands with others, through the AAR model of (Anticipation-Action-Reflection) open-ended circulation movement.
Keywords：learning; 100-year life society; small society; PDCA cycle; AAR circulation movement; social inclusion; subjective happiness; lifelong learning
下载：
日本百年人生社会的到来与“学习”概念的革新.pdf
