教育数字鸿沟的类型及其影响因素研究
虎二梅1,2 乜 勇1
（1.陕西师范大学 教育学部，陕西 西安 710062；2.天水师范学院 教师教育学院，
甘肃 天水 741001）
【摘 要】随着数字技术的发展，数字鸿沟一直是各领域组织与学者不断讨论的重要话题。在线学习、直播教学逐
渐成为基础教育的重要教学方式后，教育领域数字鸿沟问题更加凸显。本研究采用系统性文献综述，基于PRISMA指南梳理
了近二十年国际关于K‐12教育数字鸿沟的64项实证研究成果。结果表明，教育数字鸿沟表现在“接入鸿沟”“使用鸿沟”
与“结果鸿沟”三个层次，其中关注最多的是“使用鸿沟”，对“结果鸿沟”的研究呈现上升趋势，各层次数字鸿沟的
研究内容指标呈现多样化。教育数字鸿沟的影响因素有个体特征、心理因素、技术接受行为、技术扩散、社会资本、社
会支持以及大事件等。建议加强针对使用鸿沟与结果鸿沟的研究力度，构建各层次系统科学的研究内容体系，揭示教育
数字鸿沟多种因素的交叉影响作用以及厘清教育数字鸿沟弥合的可能与限度。
【关键词】教育数字鸿沟；影响因素；K‐12教育
Types and Influencing Factors of Digital Divide in Education
HU Ermei1,2 and NIE Yong1
(1. Department of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; 2. College of Teacher Education, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui
741001, China)
Abstract: With the development of digital technology, digital divide is being constantly discussed among organizations and scholars in various
fields. Digital divide as an issue, in the field of education, has become more prominent with online learning and live teaching grow as mainstream in basic education. This article presents a systematic literature review of 64 empirical studies on the digital divide issue in international
K-12 education over the past two decades based on PRISMA guidelines. Results show that the three types of digital divide in education are access gap, use gap and access gap, among which the most concerned is use gap, while result gap draws an increasing attention. Research content
indicators of all digital divide types show diversification. Factors influencing the digital divide in education include sociodemographic factors,
socio-economic background, cultural capital, social support, technology types, personal factors and major events. It is suggested that research on
use gap and the result gap being strengthened, research content system of all types being constructed, cross-influence of various factors of digital
divide being examined, and possibility and limit of bridging digital divide in education being clarified.
Keywords：digital divide; influencing factors; K-12 education
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