大规模教育测评的应用机制与挑战：国际经验与本土化路径探索

李鲁越¹   王高鸽²  吴  瑶^1*

（1．北京师范大学 远程教育研究中心，北京 100875；2．华中师范大学 人工智能教育学部，湖北 武汉 430079）

【摘  要】新时代教育强国建设背景下，我国教育评价改革迈入新阶段，需构建高质量教育监测评价体系，以支撑拔尖创新人才培养和学生全面发展。面对全球教育竞争与数字化转型，大规模教育测评通过海量、客观且具有代表性的数据分析，成为诊断教育问题、优化教育政策并促进教育公平的核心手段。本文立足国际视角，聚焦能力诊断、质量监测、教育督导、政策制定及研究发展五个维度，剖析11个典型项目的应用机制、成效与挑战。研究揭示，当前测评项目显著提升了教育质量与治理效能，但存在认知偏见、样本失真、问责政治化及本土适配不足等问题。为此，本文提出本土化实践路径，包括多维学生发展模型、横纵结合测评设计、智能化表现性工具、大规模学生成长数据库、多主体反馈机制及数据驱动创新，以增强测评的科学性、针对性和实效性，为深化教育改革提供了理论与实践借鉴。

【关键词】大规模测评；国际比较；教育强国建设；测评应用

Application Mechanisms and Challenges of Large-Scale Educational Assessments: International Experiences and Exploration of Localization Pathways

LI Luyue¹, WANG Gaoge² and WU Yao^{1 *}

(1. Research Center of Distance Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; 2. Faculty of Artificial Intelligence in Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China)

Abstract: In the context of building a leading nation in education for the new era, China’s education evaluation reform has entered a new stage, necessitating the construction of a high-quality educational monitoring and assessment system to support the cultivation of top-notch innovative talent and the holistic development of students. Facing global educational competition and digital transformation, large-scale educational assessments, through massive, objective, and representative data analysis, have become a core means of diagnosing educational issues, optimizing educational policies, and promoting educational equity. From an international perspective, this article focuses on five dimensions- competency diagnosis, quality monitoring, educational accountability, policy formulation, and research development- to analyze the application mechanisms, effectiveness, and challenges of 11 typical assessment programs. The study reveals that while current assessment programs have significantly enhanced educational quality and governance effectiveness, they also face issues such as cognitive bias, sample distortion, politicization of accountability, and insufficient local adaptation. Therefore, this article proposes localization pathways, including a multidimensional student development model, a cross-sectional and longitudinal assessment design, intelligent performance-based tools, large-scale student growth databases, a multi-stakeholder feedback mechanisms, and data-driven innovations. These pathways aim to enhance the scientific rigor, relevance, and effectiveness of assessments, offering theoretical and practical insights for deepening educational reform.

Keywords: large-scale assessment; international comparison; building China into a leading country in education; assessment application

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