孙维祎1 陈 炜2
（1.北京开放大学 事业发展部，北京 100081；2.北京开放大学 城市管理学院，北京 100081）
【摘 要】人口老龄化与人口出生率低是全球人口结构发展的趋势，如何实现老年人群体的积极老龄化是社会应关注的重要问题。波兰是继英国和法国之后较早进入老龄化社会，依托第三年龄大学践行终身教育理念的欧洲国家，积累了比较丰富的老年教育经验。波兰第三年龄大学本着让老年人参与到教学活动中，分享知识、技能和生活经验的发展理念与目标，且为了实现此目标，第三年龄大学除了借鉴英法的与高等院校融合、自助模式之外，还提供面向老年群体的区别于传统形式的各种项目和活动；经费投入采用众筹模式，向当地政府与非政府组织合作机构申请资助资金以确保持续运行，学习者也会支付少量费用；与高校合作或雇佣教师的方式，对课程主题进行多样化设计。本文在分析与梳理总结波兰第三年龄大学有益经验的基础上提出，树立我国本土特色的积极老龄观，引导老年人参加活动，实现人力资源再开发；打造基于国情的老年教育体系，实行老年教育分层分区域规划；构建多渠道、多元化老年教育发展运行机制；致力于满足我国老年人对教育的真正需求，提升我国老年人生活质量。
【关键词】终身教育；积极老龄化；第三年龄大学（U3A）；老年大学
How Poland’s Third Age University (U3A) Enlights Elderly Universities’ Development in China in the Context of Active Aging
SUN Weiyi1 and CHEN Wei2
(1. College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Care &Management, Beijing Open University, Beijing 100081, China;2. College of City Management, Beijing Open University, Beijing 100081, China)
Abstract: Aging of population and low birth rate are trends of global demographic structure. Active aging of the elderly is an important issue every country attaches great focus. Poland, a European country entering an aging society state successively after Britain and France, has relied on the Third Age University(U3As) which fulfils the concept of lifelong education and has accumulated rich experience in elderly education. U3As in Poland are based on the development concept and goal of involving the elderly in activities and sharing knowledge, skills and life experience. In order to achieve this goal, U3As not only draw lessons from the integration and self-helping model from Britain and France, but also provide various projects and activities that are different from traditional ones. Their fund input adopts crowdfunding mode which comes from the local government and non-governmental organization cooperation institutions to ensure continuous running, while learners also contribute small amount of tuitions. U3As cooperate with colleges and universities, and hire teachers to design diversified curriculum themes. After analyzing and summarizing beneficial experience of U3As in Poland, this article suggests establishing a positive outlook on aging with local characteristics, guiding the elderly to participate in activities and realize the redevelopment of human resources, building an education system for the elderly based on national conditions, implementing hierarchical and subregional planning and establishing a multi-channel and diversified operation mechanism for the development of elderly education. It is expected that these approaches could meet the real needs of the elderly in China and improve the quality of their life.
Keywords: lifelong learning education; active aging; Third Age University(U3A); the elderly university
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积极老龄化背景下波兰第三年龄大学发展研究.pdf
