杰伦·J. G.范梅里恩伯尔1 保罗· A.基尔希纳2
（1.荷兰马斯特里赫特大学，荷兰 马斯特里赫特 6200；2.荷兰开放大学，荷兰 海尔伦 6419）
章褚昀 译 盛群力 校
【摘 要】“四元教学设计模式”（4C/ID）是一种面向综合学习的教学设计方法，即学习旨在实现综合目标，并且同时发展知识、技能和态度，以获得综合能力和专业能力。四元教学设计模式是20世纪80年代后期，由国际著名教学设计专家范梅里恩伯尔教授研发的，目前已经成为最有影响力的教学设计模式之一，广泛应用于职业技术教育和普通教育中。四元教学设计包括了学习任务、相关知能、支持程序和专项操练四个要素， 实际应用中还可以扩展为十个步骤。这些步骤阐述了教学设计者常用的设计过程，以达成有效果、有效率和有魅力的面向综合学习的学业培养方案。该模式有很强的研究基础，已有数百项实验研究支持4C/ID模式所提出的理论。
【关键词】四元教学设计；综合学习；学习科学；扶放有度
4C/ID in the Context of the Learning Sciences and Instructional Design
J eroen J.G.van Merriënboer1 and Paul A. Kirschner2
(1. Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht，Netherlands; 2.Open University of the Netherlands, 6419 AT Heerlen, Netherlands)
Abstract: 4C/ID is an instructional design approach for complex learning; that is,learning aimed at integrative goals where knowledge,skills,and attitudes are developed simultaneously in order to acquire complex skills and professional competencies.The 4C/ID model was originally developed in the late 1980s.It conclude (a)learning tasks,(b)supportive information,(c)procedural information,and (d) part-task practice.It can also be extended to ten steps in practical application.Ten steps to complex learning which specify the whole design process typically employed by a designer to produce effective,effi cient,and appealing programs for complex learning.The model has a very strong research base.There have been hundreds of experimental studies providing support for the principles prescribed by the 4C/ID model.It has become one of the most infl uential instructional design models and is widely used in vocational and technical education and general education.
Keyword: 4C/ID;complex learning;learning sciences;supporting and fading properly
下载：
学习科学和教学设计背景下的“四元教学设计模式”.pdf
