露丝•克拉克1 理查德•E•梅耶2
（1.克拉克培训与咨询公司，美国 亚利桑那 85374-9702；2.加州大学圣巴巴拉分校，美国加利福尼亚 93106）
金琦钦 盛群力 译
【摘 要】当下，技术如何应用于教学和学习是教育领域的重要议题。克拉克和梅耶认为，目前存在两种应用取向：一是技术中心取向，这种取向过分关注最新技术的作用，忽略了学习者的作用；作者赞同另一种以学习者中心的取向，在这一取向下，学习者的学习过程成为焦点，技术则是为了更有效地辅助,以促进创造性学习。本文正是基于学习者中心取向，审视了数字化学习的机制，以期为技术的理性运用提供思路。学习是由经验引起的学习者知识的变化。学习存在三种隐喻，即学习的反应强化观、信息获取观和知识建构观。其中，学习的知识建构观最值得关注，它以双重通道、容量有限和主动加工原理为基础，而学习者面临的挑战是在学习中管控有限的认知资源。因此，数字化课程的设计要指导学习者选择重要信息，管控工作记忆有限容量，促进整合、提取和迁移。
【关键词】学习者中心取向；数字化学习；学习；知识建构观；数字化课程
How Do People Learn from e-Courses?
Ruth C. Clark1 and Richard E. Mayer2
（1.Clark Consulting and Training, Inc. , AZ 85374-9702, USA;2.University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA）
Abstract: At present, how technology is applied to teaching and learning is an important issue in the fi eld of education. Clark and Mayer point out that there are two approaches of application: one is the technology-centered approach, which focuses too much on the role of the latest technology, and ignores the role of learner; they admire another approach, the learner-center approach, which focuses on how people learn, where technology is to promote creative learning more effectively. Taking a learner-centered approach, this article examines what works in e-learning，in order to provide some insights for the rational use of technology. Learning is a change in the learner’s knowledge due to experience, and there are three metaphors for learning, that is the response-strengthening view, the information-acquisition view and the knowledge-construction view, which is most strongly focused on. The knowledge-construction view is based on three principles of dual channels, limited capacity and active processing. The challenge for the learner is to manage limited cognitive resources during learning, therefore, e-lessons should direct learners to select important information, manage limited capacity in working memory, and facilitate to integrate, retrieve and transfer knowledge.
KeyWords: learner-centered approach; e-learning; learning; knowledge-construction view; e-courses
下载：
人如何从数字化课程中学习？.pdf
